Section 2(47), CPA 2019 [S10-MJS]
As at 7 September 2026. In force from 20 July 2020.
"Unfair trade practice" means a trade practice which, for the purpose of promoting the sale, use or supply of any goods or for the provision of any service, adopts any unfair method or unfair or deceptive practice including any of the following practices, namely —
(i) making any statement, whether orally or in writing or by visible representation, which falsely represents that the goods are of a particular standard, quality, quantity, grade, composition, style or model, or that the services are of a particular standard, quality or grade, or which makes a false or misleading representation concerning the need for, or the usefulness of, any goods or services [...];
(ii) permitting the publication of any advertisement, whether in any newspaper or otherwise, including by way of electronic record, for the sale or supply at a bargain price of goods or services that are not intended to be offered for sale or supply at the bargain price [...];
(iii) permitting the offering of gifts, prizes or other items with the intention of not providing them as offered, or the conduct of any contest, lottery, game of chance or skill for the purpose of promoting, directly or indirectly, the sale, use or supply of any product or any business interest [...];
(iv) permitting the sale or supply of goods intended to be used, or of a kind likely to be used, by consumers, knowing or having reason to believe that the goods do not comply with the standards prescribed by the competent authority relating to performance, composition, contents, design, constructions, finishing or packaging as are necessary to prevent or reduce the risk of injury to the person using the goods;
(v) permitting the hoarding or destruction of goods, or refusal to sell goods or to make them available for sale or to provide any service, if such hoarding or destruction or refusal raises or tends to raise or is intended to raise the cost of those or other similar goods or services;
(vi) manufacturing of spurious goods or offering such goods for sale, or adopting deceptive practices in the provision of services;
(vii) not issuing bill or cash memo or receipt for the goods sold or services rendered in such manner as may be prescribed;
(viii) refusing, after selling goods or rendering services, to take back or withdraw defective goods or to withdraw or discontinue deficient services and to refund the consideration thereof, if paid, within the period stipulated in the bill or cash memo or receipt or in the absence of such stipulation, within a period of thirty days;
(ix) disclosing to other person any personal information given in confidence by the consumer unless such disclosure is made in accordance with the provisions of any law for the time being in force.
Defined terms in this text (9)
business: Section 2(17), Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017: "business" includes - (a) any trade, commerce, manufacture, profession, vocation, adventure, wager or any other similar activity, whether or not it is for a pecuniary benefit; (b) any activity or transaction in connection with or incidental or ancillary to sub-clause (a); (c) any activity or transaction in the nature of sub-clause (a), whether or not there is volume, frequency, continuity or regularity of such transaction; (d) supply or acquisition of goods including capital goods and services in connection with commencement or closure of business; (e) provision by a club, association, society, or any such body (for a subscription or any other consideration) of the facilities or benefits to its members; (f) admission, for a consideration, of persons to any premises; (g) services supplied by a person as the holder of an office which has been accepted by him in the course or furtherance of his trade, profession or vocation; (h) activities of a race club including by way of totalisator or a license to book maker or activities of a licensed book maker in such club; and (i) any activity or transaction undertaken by the Central Government, a State Government or any local authority in which they are engaged as public authorities;
business: Section 2, Bengal Indigo Contracts Act, 1836 [S10P0G] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "business" includes every trade, occupation and profession
business: Section 2, Stage-Carriages Act, 1861 [S1228A] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "business" includes every trade, occupation and profession
business: 11 more definitions.
consideration: Section 2(31), Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017: "consideration" in relation to the supply of goods or services or both includes- (a) any payment made or to be made, whether in money or otherwise, in respect of, in response to, or for the inducement of, the supply of goods or services or both, whether by the recipient or by any other person but shall not include any subsidy given by the Central Government or a State Government; (b) the monetary value of any act or forbearance, in respect of, in response to, or for the inducement of, the supply of goods or services or both, whether by the recipient or by any other person but shall not include any subsidy given by the Central Government or a State Government: Provided that a deposit given in respect of the supply of goods or services or both shall not be considered as payment made for such supply unless the supplier applies such deposit as consideration for the said supply;
consumer: Section 2(7), CPA 2019: "consumer" means any person who— (i) buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such use is made with the approval of such person, but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for any commercial purpose; or (ii) hires or avails of any service for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any beneficiary of such service other than the person who hires or avails of the services for consideration paid or promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such services are availed of with the approval of the first mentioned person, but does not include a person who avails of such service for any commercial purpose. Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,— (a) the expression "commercial purpose" does not include use by a person of goods bought and used by him exclusively for the purpose of earning his livelihood, by means of self-employment; (b) the expressions "buys any goods" and "hires or avails any services" includes offline or online transactions through electronic means or by teleshopping or direct selling or multi-level marketing;
consumer: Section 2(7), CPA 2019 [S10MKV] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,— [...]): "consumer" means any person who buys any goods or hires or avails of any service for a consideration, including online transactions, but does not include a person who obtains goods for resale or goods or services for any commercial purpose [...]
consumer: 22 more definitions.
electronic record: Section 2, Kerala Police Act, 2011 [S2MVCX] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "electronic record" means data, record or data generated, image or sound stored, received or sent in an electronic form or micro film or computer generated micro fiche
electronic record: Section 2, National institute of Information Technology Act, 2014 [S26QZF] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "electronic record" means data, record or data generated, image or sound stored, received or sent in an electronic form or micro film or computer generated micro fiche
electronic record: Section 2, Indian Institutes of Information Technology (Public-Private Partnership) Act, 2017 [S27VSY] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "electronic record" means data, record or data generated, image or sound stored, received or sent in an electronic form or micro film or computer generated micro fiche
electronic record: 1 more definition.
goods: Section 2, Bengal Indigo Contracts Act, 1836 [S10P0G] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "goods" means every kind of movable property other than actionable claims and money, and includes stock and shares, growing crops, grass and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale
goods: Section 2, Stage-Carriages Act, 1861 [S1228A] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "goods" means every kind of movable property other than actionable claims and money, and includes stock and shares, growing crops, grass and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale
goods: Section 2, Commercial Documents Evidence Act, 1939 [S18EMR] (In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—): "goods" means every kind of movable property other than actionable claims and money, and includes stock and shares, growing crops, grass and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale
goods: 36 more definitions.
person: Section 3, General Clauses Act, 1897 [S100SN] (In this Act, and in all Central Acts and Regulations made after the commencement of this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context): "person" shall include any company or association or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not
person: 1 more definition.
sale: Section 54, Transfer of Property Act: "Sale" is a transfer of ownership in exchange for a price paid or promised or part-paid and part-promised. [Sale how made] Such transfer, in the case of tangible immoveable property of the value of one hundred rupees and upwards, or in the case of a reversion or other intangible thing, can be made only by a registered instrument. In the case of tangible immoveable property of a value less than one hundred rupees, such transfer may be made either by a registered instrument or by delivery of the property. [...] [Contract for sale] A contract for the sale of immoveable property is a contract that a sale of such property shall take place on terms settled between the parties. It does not, of itself, create any interest in or charge on such property.
supply: Section 7(1), Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017: "For the purposes of this Act, the expression - "supply" includes- (a) all forms of supply of goods or services or both such as sale, transfer, barter, exchange, licence, rental, lease or disposal made or agreed to be made for a consideration by a person in the course or furtherance of business; (aa) the activities or transactions, by a person, other than an individual, to its members or constituents or vice-versa, for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration. Explanation.-For the purposes of this clause, it is hereby clarified that, notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force or any judgment, decree or order of any Court, tribunal or authority, the person and its members or constituents shall be deemed to be two separate persons and the supply of activities or transactions inter se shall be deemed to take place from one such person to another; (b) import of services for a consideration whether or not in the course or furtherance of business; and (c) the activities specified in Schedule I, made or agreed to be made without a consideration."
unfair trade practice: Section 2(47), CPA 2019: "unfair trade practice" means a trade practice which, for the purpose of promoting the sale, use or supply of any goods or for the provision of any service, adopts any unfair method or unfair or deceptive practice including any of the following practices, namely:— (i) making any statement, whether orally or in writing or by visible representation including by means of electronic record, which— (a) falsely represents that the goods are of a particular standard, quality, quantity, grade, composition, style or model; [...] (ii) permitting the publication of any advertisement, whether in any newspaper or otherwise, including by way of electronic record, for the sale or supply at a bargain price of goods or services that are not intended to be offered for sale or supply at the bargain price [...] (iii) permitting— (a) the offering of gifts, prizes or other items with the intention of not providing them as offered [...] (iv) permitting the sale or supply of goods intended to be used, or are of a kind likely to be used by consumers, knowing or having reason to believe that the goods do not comply with the standards prescribed by the competent authority [...] (v) permitting the hoarding or destruction of goods, or refusal to sell the goods or to make them available for sale or to provide any service, if such hoarding or destruction or refusal raises or tends to raise or is intended to raise, the cost of those or other similar goods or services; (vi) manufacturing of spurious goods or offering such goods for sale or adopting deceptive practices in the provision of services; (vii) not issuing bill or cash memo or receipt for the goods sold or services rendered in such manner as may be prescribed; (viii) refusing, after selling goods or rendering services, to take back or withdraw defective goods or to withdraw or discontinue deficient services and to refund the consideration thereof, if paid, within the period stipulated in the bill or cash memo or receipt or in the absence of such stipulation, within a period of thirty days; (ix) disclosing to other person any personal information given in confidence by the consumer unless such disclosure is made in accordance with the provisions of any law for the time being in force.
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